Transformer

Published
Vaswani et al. · Jun 2017
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Encoder–decoder
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Architecture
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tensorflow/tensor2tensor v1.0.14 @ 0c66117 · arXiv:1706.03762v7 · WMT 2014 English–German · vocabulary of about 37,000 · no trained weights were publishedHow to read

Masked multi-head self-attention

Decoder 6 layers › Masked attention

Output projection

×

learnedcommon_layers.conv1d(x, output_depth, 1, name="output_transform") · 420

Map the 512 concatenated features to the 512-feature output.

Δ=oWO+bO{\htmlData{light=output output-projection}{\Delta}}={\htmlData{light=merged merge}{o}}W^{O}+b^{O}
in
oo [B batch, T target positions, 512 d]
out
Δ\Delta [B batch, T target positions, 512 d]
parameters
262,656 · × 6 layers = 1,575,936
Parameters

262,656 parameters per instance.

Exact per-instance accounting
ComponentCalculationParameters
Weight matrix512×512512 \times 512262,144
Output bias512512512
Per-instance total262,656

Across 6 independent layers: 262,656×6=1,575,936262{,}656 \times 6 = 1{,}575{,}936 parameters.

Derived from the configured matrix dimensions; checkpoint tensors have not been independently counted.

Codecommon_attention.py 348–421 · common_layers.py 354–360
common_attention.py 348–421
def multihead_attention(query_antecedent,
                        memory_antecedent,
                        bias,
                        total_key_depth,
                        total_value_depth,
                        output_depth,
                        num_heads,
                        dropout_rate,
                        summaries=False,
                        image_shapes=None,
                        name=None):
  """Multihead scaled-dot-product attention with input/output transformations.

  Args:
    query_antecedent: a Tensor with shape [batch, length_q, channels]
    memory_antecedent: a Tensor with shape [batch, length_m, channels]
    bias: bias Tensor (see attention_bias())
    total_key_depth: an integer
    total_value_depth: an integer
    output_depth: an integer
    num_heads: an integer dividing total_key_depth and total_value_depth
    dropout_rate: a floating point number
    summaries: a boolean
    image_shapes: optional tuple of integer scalars.
      see comments for attention_image_summary()
    name: an optional string

  Returns:
    A Tensor.

  Raises:
    ValueError: if the key depth or value depth are not divisible by the
      number of attention heads.
  """
  if total_key_depth % num_heads != 0:
    raise ValueError("Key depth (%d) must be divisible by the number of "
                     "attention heads (%d)." % (total_key_depth, num_heads))
  if total_value_depth % num_heads != 0:
    raise ValueError("Value depth (%d) must be divisible by the number of "
                     "attention heads (%d)." % (total_value_depth, num_heads))

  with tf.variable_scope(
      name,
      default_name="multihead_attention",
      values=[query_antecedent, memory_antecedent]):
    if memory_antecedent is None:
      # self attention
      combined = common_layers.conv1d(
          query_antecedent,
          total_key_depth * 2 + total_value_depth,
          1,
          name="qkv_transform")
      q, k, v = tf.split(
          combined, [total_key_depth, total_key_depth, total_value_depth],
          axis=2)
    else:
      q = common_layers.conv1d(
          query_antecedent, total_key_depth, 1, name="q_transform")
      combined = common_layers.conv1d(
          memory_antecedent,
          total_key_depth + total_value_depth,
          1,
          name="kv_transform")
      k, v = tf.split(combined, [total_key_depth, total_value_depth], axis=2)
    q = split_heads(q, num_heads)
    k = split_heads(k, num_heads)
    v = split_heads(v, num_heads)
    key_depth_per_head = total_key_depth // num_heads
    q *= key_depth_per_head**-0.5
    x = dot_product_attention(
        q, k, v, bias, dropout_rate, summaries, image_shapes)
    x = combine_heads(x)
    x = common_layers.conv1d(x, output_depth, 1, name="output_transform")
    return x
common_layers.py 354–360
def conv(inputs, filters, kernel_size, **kwargs):
  return conv_internal(tf.layers.conv2d, inputs, filters, kernel_size, **kwargs)


def conv1d(inputs, filters, kernel_size, **kwargs):
  return tf.squeeze(
      conv(tf.expand_dims(inputs, 2), filters, (kernel_size, 1), **kwargs), 2)
Sources2

Direct evidence

Self-attention projects queries, keys and values with one 1×1 convolution; attention to a memory projects queries from the input and keys and values from the memory; heads are split, queries scaled by depth^-0.5, attended, combined and projected out.

multihead · tensorflow/tensor2tensor / tensor2tensor/models/common_attention.py
Pinned revision 0c66117d4297 ↗ · lines 348–421

Read code excerpt
def multihead_attention(query_antecedent,
                        memory_antecedent,
                        bias,
                        total_key_depth,
                        total_value_depth,
                        output_depth,
                        num_heads,
                        dropout_rate,
                        summaries=False,
                        image_shapes=None,
                        name=None):
  """Multihead scaled-dot-product attention with input/output transformations.

  Args:
    query_antecedent: a Tensor with shape [batch, length_q, channels]
    memory_antecedent: a Tensor with shape [batch, length_m, channels]
    bias: bias Tensor (see attention_bias())
    total_key_depth: an integer
    total_value_depth: an integer
    output_depth: an integer
    num_heads: an integer dividing total_key_depth and total_value_depth
    dropout_rate: a floating point number
    summaries: a boolean
    image_shapes: optional tuple of integer scalars.
      see comments for attention_image_summary()
    name: an optional string

  Returns:
    A Tensor.

  Raises:
    ValueError: if the key depth or value depth are not divisible by the
      number of attention heads.
  """
  if total_key_depth % num_heads != 0:
    raise ValueError("Key depth (%d) must be divisible by the number of "
                     "attention heads (%d)." % (total_key_depth, num_heads))
  if total_value_depth % num_heads != 0:
    raise ValueError("Value depth (%d) must be divisible by the number of "
                     "attention heads (%d)." % (total_value_depth, num_heads))

  with tf.variable_scope(
      name,
      default_name="multihead_attention",
      values=[query_antecedent, memory_antecedent]):
    if memory_antecedent is None:
      # self attention
      combined = common_layers.conv1d(
          query_antecedent,
          total_key_depth * 2 + total_value_depth,
          1,
          name="qkv_transform")
      q, k, v = tf.split(
          combined, [total_key_depth, total_key_depth, total_value_depth],
          axis=2)
    else:
      q = common_layers.conv1d(
          query_antecedent, total_key_depth, 1, name="q_transform")
      combined = common_layers.conv1d(
          memory_antecedent,
          total_key_depth + total_value_depth,
          1,
          name="kv_transform")
      k, v = tf.split(combined, [total_key_depth, total_value_depth], axis=2)
    q = split_heads(q, num_heads)
    k = split_heads(k, num_heads)
    v = split_heads(v, num_heads)
    key_depth_per_head = total_key_depth // num_heads
    q *= key_depth_per_head**-0.5
    x = dot_product_attention(
        q, k, v, bias, dropout_rate, summaries, image_shapes)
    x = combine_heads(x)
    x = common_layers.conv1d(x, output_depth, 1, name="output_transform")
    return x

Direct evidence

conv1d is a 1×1 tf.layers.conv2d, which owns a kernel and a bias.

conv1d · tensorflow/tensor2tensor / tensor2tensor/models/common_layers.py
Pinned revision 0c66117d4297 ↗ · lines 354–360

Read code excerpt
def conv(inputs, filters, kernel_size, **kwargs):
  return conv_internal(tf.layers.conv2d, inputs, filters, kernel_size, **kwargs)


def conv1d(inputs, filters, kernel_size, **kwargs):
  return tf.squeeze(
      conv(tf.expand_dims(inputs, 2), filters, (kernel_size, 1), **kwargs), 2)